Export-control and dual-use risk arises when technology, software, technical data or physical goods cross borders, or reach foreign nationals, in ways that require a licence or are outright prohibited. The exposure often surprises non-defence businesses, because ordinary encryption, sensors and source code can be controlled. This report explains how the risk applies in your chosen jurisdiction and industry, the export-control and dual-use frameworks that may govern your items, the classification and screening controls regulators expect, the warning indicators of diversion, and the penalty and reputational ranges from published actions. It covers item classification, end-user and end-use checks, deemed exports to foreign staff, and cloud and cross-border data transfers, with guidance on when to engage export-control counsel, licensing advisers and technical classification specialists before shipping or sharing.
Reference material for informed readers, not advice.
